![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Section 4 focuses on necessary technologies in use and their critical challenges for CAV. Section 3, named as effects of CAVs on transportation performance, describes the observed and probable advantages and uncertainties of CAV deployment. Advancement in vehicle automation in the next section highlights the different driver-assist systems deployed in current vehicles, defines autonomy level with the progressive application of driver-assist systems on on-road vehicles and presents the scenario of CAV features in actual use and a pilot program of more advanced systems in ground vehicles. In Sect. 1, a brief overview of AV, CV and CAV is introduced. The technological evolution for CAV and the effects of CAV on pavement infrastructures are reviewed, and recommendations for future studies are presented. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of features and control systems of CAVs from a highway engineering perspective, the potential benefits and uncertainties related to CAV implementation. The existence of significant overlapping between AVs and CVs creates difficulties in selecting specific infrastructure requirements for each technology. The features of automation and connectivity are in the development stage with key infrastructural and technological challenges. Connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) incorporates both AV and CV technology, and this combination has more benefits than separated one. There is a belief among transportation stakeholders that CV is the enabler of the AV, and CV has a significant influence on the AV. AVs conduct driving tasks relying on various sensors and systems and reduce human assistance based on autonomy level (presented in the next section). AV, also known as driverless vehicles, can move from one place to another using sensors and communication module (shown in Fig. CVs help human or autonomous drivers to make a better choice by supplying information collected by wireless technologies. CVs use communication technologies to establish connections with autonomous and non-autonomous vehicles, roadside infrastructures, and other road participants to share the driving information (Fig. The deployment of ITS in connected vehicle (CV) and autonomous vehicle (AV) will bring revolutionary changes in transportation mobility in the near future. The commercial application of automation technology in passenger and freight transport is growing rapidly due to tremendous development in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). In addition, various techniques to minimize the additional distresses of connected and automated driving are also explained in this paper. This paper addresses the effects of connected and automated driving on geometric elements and the structural performance of highways. The reduced lane width and truck platooning from the integration of cooperative adaptive cruise control affect the structural performance of the pavements significantly. The reduction of lane width due to lane-keeping ADAS and replacement of human drivers (i.e., eye) by machine impacts the various geometric elements of highways. Various roadside infrastructures with the issues in assisting the CAV for path tracking are summarized in this paper. Physical infrastructures facilitate the features of automation and connectivity in moving on the roads. This paper reviews the engagement of technologies in the functioning of automated vehicles and their implementation challenges. The technological accomplishments (advanced digital infrastructures along with other technologies) are incorporating rapid improvement in vehicle automation. The expected advantages with the probable and observed uncertainties of the CAV deployment are also presented. The most available ADASs in current running vehicles with their functions, level of autonomy, and present scenario of CAV deployment are critically reviewed and summarized in this paper. The continuous integration of advanced driver-assist systems (ADAS) into connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV) is accelerating the transition of human-driven vehicles to a fully driverless option. ![]()
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